The declaration of investments in Income tax is a topic that generates many doubts among taxpayers.
With the deadline for submitting the tax return approaching, which runs from March 17 to May 30, 2025, it is essential to understand how to correctly declare your income. investments.
Did you know that the Federal Revenue Service offers a free manual and application (IRPF 2025) to help with the tax return process?
In addition, it is important to be aware of the income and operations that need to be declared, such as securities. fixed income, investment funds and stock exchange operations.
For more information on how to declare your investments, you can consult our article at How to declare investments in your tax return of.
This article will clarify your main doubts and provide practical guidelines for a correct and error-free declaration.
What's new for Income Tax 2025
With the deadline for declaring the Income Tax 2025, It is crucial to understand the new rules and deadlines established by the Internal Revenue Service.
This year, some important changes have been implemented to make the declaration and refund process easier.
Important deadlines and dates for the declaration
It is essential to be aware of the deadlines to avoid fines and complications. The Income Tax 2025 will start on [insert start date] and end on [insert end date].
Make sure you submit your declaration on time so you don't run into any problems.
For many stock market investors, reporting to the IRS proves to be more arduous than it might actually be. More worrying than the difficulty experienced at the time of filing the tax return is the lack of attention investors pay to the tax assessment itself, which, contrary to what many people think, does not take place in the annual tax return, but on a monthly basis. Considering this reality, the aim of the book you are about to read is, in a practical approach and accessible language, to bring together these two worlds that are normally considered complex: the stock market and taxation.
Who is required to file an income tax return in 2025
Every year, the Federal Revenue Service defines who is obliged to declare the Income tax. In 2025, they are obliged to declare:
- Those who received taxable income above a certain amount;
- Whoever had assets or rights subject to declaration;
- Anyone who has carried out transactions on stock, commodities, futures or similar exchanges.
For more details on how to declare variable income, You can consult the article at https://aprendersobrefinancas.com/como-declarar-renda-variavel-irpf/.
Income tax refund schedule 2025
O income tax refund schedule 2025 has already been released by Internal Revenue Service. Payments will be made between May and September 2025, with the following dates:
- First batch: May 30th;
- Second batch: June 30th;
- Third batch: July 31st;
- Fourth batch: August 29;
- Fifth and final batch: September 30.
Priority will be given to those who used the pre-filled declaration and opted to receive their refund via Pix.
Frequently Asked Questions about the Declaration of Investments in Income Tax
Declaring investments for income tax is a process that can be complex and full of doubts for many investors. It is essential to understand which investments need to be declared and how to do it correctly.
Which investments need to be declared
When it comes to declaring investments for income tax, it is essential to know which types of investments are subject to this declaration.
Fixed income investments, such as CDBs, LCIs, LCAs and Treasury Direct, must be declared. In addition, investments of variable income, Such as shares and investment funds should also be included in the declaration.
It is important to note that the declaration of investments is not limited to these types. Other investments, such as BDRs and CRI/CRA, also need to be declared.
The important thing to remember is that any investment that has generated income or capital gains during the year must be included in the tax return.
| Type of Investment | Does it need to be declared? |
|---|---|
| Renda Fixa (CDB, LCI, LCA, Tesouro Direto) | Yes |
| Equities (Shares, Investment Funds) | Yes |
| BDRs | Yes |
| CRI/CRA | Yes |
Exemption limit for declaring investments
One of the most important points when declaring investments is to understand the exemption limit. The exemption limit is the amount below which income is not taxed.
For the year 2025, it is crucial to check what the limit set by the IRS is.
According to the IR rules, exempt or non-taxable income, such as savings, does not need to be declared if it is within the exemption limit.
However, it is always advisable to consult the income statement provided by financial institutions to be sure.
The importance of the income statement
The income report is a crucial document for declaring investments in the IR. It contains detailed information on investment income and balances, as well as indicating where this information should be entered into the IR program.
The income report is essential for you to correctly declare your investments in your income tax.
Financial institutions are obliged to make this document available by the end of February. It's important to keep all income reports, as they serve as important proof in case the IRS asks for clarification.
Pre-filled declaration: How it works for investments
When opting for the pre-filled declaration, it is essential to understand how the information investments are dealt with. A Internal Revenue Service uses various databases to automatically fill in certain fields of the declaration, including information on investments.
But it is important to remember that, even with the pre-filled declaration, the responsibility for the accuracy of the information belongs to the taxpayer. The IRS does not validate the data collected, so it is crucial to review everything carefully.
What investment information is already filled in
The pre-filled declaration usually includes information on investment balances and income. This can include data from banks, brokerages and other financial institutions that have reported this data to the IRS.
It is essential to check that this information is correct and up-to-date. If you find any discrepancies, prioritize the information in your tax returns.
Checking and correcting data in the pre-filled declaration
When checking the pre-filled data, check in particular the values of investment balances and income. If there are discrepancies between the pre-filled data and your records, make the necessary corrections.
Remember that the taxpayer is always responsible for the information declared, even in the case of tax return pre-filled.
How to declare fixed-income investments
When declaring fixed-income investments, it is important to understand the specifics of each type of investment in order to fill in the income tax return correctly.
This includes knowing the different codes and categories used by the IRS for each type of application.
Fixed-income investments include a variety of options, such as Treasury Direct, CDBs, RDBs, LCI, LCA, CRI, CRA and savings accounts. Each of these investments has its own particularities when it comes to tax returns.
Treasury Direct Statement
Treasury Direct is a fixed-income investment issued by the National Treasury. To declare it, you must access the “Assets and Rights” tab and select the corresponding code.
It is necessary to inform the balance of the investment on December 31 of the previous year and of the reference year.
Declaration of CDBs and RDBs
CDBs (Bank Deposit Certificates) and RDBs (Bank Deposit Receipts) are investments offered by banks. To declare them, you must follow a process similar to that of the Treasury Direct, informing the balance and income.
Declaration of LCI, LCA, CRI and CRA
LCI (Letra de Crédito Imobiliário), LCA (Letra de Crédito do Agronegócio), CRI (Certificado de Recebíveis Imobiliários) and CRA (Certificado de Recebíveis do Agronegócio) are fixed income investments with specific characteristics.
They must be declared on the “Assets and Rights” sheet, with the respective codes and balances.
Declaration of savings
The savings account is one of the most popular investments in Brazil and is exempt from income tax.
To declare it, you must access the “Assets and Rights” form, select code “41 - Savings Account”, and inform the balance on 31/12/2023 and 31/12/2024. Income from savings accounts must be declared on the “Exempt and Non-Taxable Income” form.
When declaring these investments, it is essential to have the income reports provided by the financial institutions to hand, ensuring that the information is accurate and up-to-date.
How to declare variable income investments
Reporting variable-income investments for income tax involves understanding the specific rules for each type of asset.
It is essential to know how to correctly declare shares, investment funds, BDRs and other assets in order to avoid mistakes and possible penalties.
Declaration of shares
Reporting shares for income tax requires attention to detail. You must report all the shares you own, including those sold during the year. The value of the sale and the gain or loss must be calculated and declared correctly.
To declare shares, you must fill in the “Assets and Rights” form with the information requested, such as the share code, the quantity and the purchase price. If you made a profit on the sale of shares, it is important to calculate the capital gain and pay the tax due.
Declaration of investment funds
Investment funds also need to be declared for income tax purposes. You must inform the name of the fund, the CNPJ and the amount invested.
In addition, it is necessary to declare the income earned by the fund, which may be taxed or exempt.
Investment funds are declared under “Exempt and Non-Taxable Income” or “Taxable Income”, depending on the type of fund and the income. It is important to check the specific rules for each type of fund.
Declaration of BDRs and other assets
BDRs (Brazilian Depositary Receipts) and other assets traded on the stock exchange, such as ETFs and FIIs, also need to be declared.
The declaration of these assets follows a similar process to that of shares, with the specification of the type of asset and the corresponding code.
It is important to understand that the R$ 40,000 threshold for mandatory reporting considers all stock exchange transactions, not just one asset in isolation.
Therefore, if you have made transactions with different assets, it is crucial to add up the amounts to check if you exceed the limit.
For more information on how to declare variable income, you can consult the article at Nubank blog.
IR taxation of investments
When declaring your investments for income tax, it is crucial to understand how taxation works. The taxation of investments can vary significantly depending on the type of investment and the investor's profile.
Investments are taxed according to their characteristics and the income they generate. It is important that you, as an investor, understand these rules to avoid errors in your tax return and possible problems with the IRS.
Regressive IR table for investments
The regressive income tax table is applied to some types of investments, such as investment funds and savings accounts. This table defines tax rates that decrease over the time the investment is held.
- Investments held for less than 180 days are taxed at the maximum rate.
- The rate decreases as the investment period increases.
- For long-term investments, the rate can be as low as zero.
Investments exempt from income tax
Some investments are exempt from income tax, which means that income is not taxed. Examples include:
- Savings up to a certain limit.
- LCI and LCA for individual investors.
- Treasury Direct, depending on the type of bond and the term.
It is essential to understand which investments are exempt in order to plan your investment strategy efficiently.
What is “come-cotas” and how to declare it
The “come-cotas” is a mechanism for anticipating income tax on investment funds. It occurs every six months, in May and November, when part of the shares are automatically withheld to pay the tax.
You don't have to do anything to pay this tax, as it is automatically withheld by the fund administrator. When you file your income tax return, the amount of the “come-cotas” is already included in the balance reported by the financial institution.
It's important to keep the income statements detailing the amounts withheld by the “come-cotas” during the year.
Declaration of profits and income from investments
Understanding how to declare profits and income from your investments can help you avoid mistakes when filing your income tax return. It is essential to be clear about the different types of income and how they should be reported.
When declaring your investments, you need to consider both taxable and exempt income. In addition, it is important to understand how to declare capital gains, which occur when you sell an asset or right for more than the purchase price.
How to declare taxable income
Taxable income is income that is subject to income tax. To declare them, you will need to inform the total amount received during the year. This includes income from financial investments, such as investment funds and government bonds.
Example: If you received R$ 1,000.00 in income from an investment fund, this amount must be declared in the corresponding part of the income tax form.
| Type of Income | Value (R$) |
|---|---|
| Investment Funds | 1.000,00 |
| Public Securities | 500,00 |
How to declare exempt income
Some income is exempt from Income Tax, but still needs to be declared. This is the case, for example, with savings and Treasury Direct income, up to certain limits.
It is important to check the exemption limits for each type of investment.
Capital gain statement
A capital gain occurs when you sell an asset or right for more than the purchase price.
To declare it, you will need to access the “Capital Gains” menu in the Income Tax program and provide details of the operation, such as the date of acquisition, purchase price, date of sale and sale price.
The capital gains tax rate is 15% for most transactions. It is therefore crucial to calculate the capital gain correctly to avoid errors in the declaration.
Special operations in the investment declaration
When declaring investments, it is crucial to understand the special operations that can impact your income tax return. These operations include sales of shares, offsetting losses and other aspects that require detailed attention.
One of the most common special operations is the sale of shares. It is important to know how to declare these operations correctly, taking into account the exemption limits and taxation rules.
How to declare sales of shares below R$ 20,000 per month
When you sell shares below R$ 20,000 in a month, these transactions are considered exempt from income tax. However, it is essential to keep accurate records of these transactions to ensure that you are not liable to pay tax.
You must declare these operations on the “Variable Income” sheet, even if they are exempt. This helps to maintain transparency and compliance with tax rules.
How to declare sales of shares over R$ 20,000 per month
If you sell shares worth more than R$ 20,000 in a month, these transactions are taxed. You will need to calculate the capital gain and pay the corresponding income tax.
These transactions are also declared on the “Variable Income” form. It is crucial to correctly calculate the capital gain and the tax due in order to avoid mistakes.
How to offset investment losses
Losses on variable income transactions can be offset against future profits on the same type of transaction.
For example, if you had a loss of R$ 5,000 one month and a profit of R$ 10,000 the next, you can subtract the loss from the profit, reducing the tax base.
To offset losses, you must declare them correctly on the “Variable Income” tab in the months in which they occurred. Keeping detailed track of your losses is essential if you don't want to miss the opportunity to offset them in the future.
- Losses on common operations can only offset profits on common operations.
- Day trade losses can only offset day trade profits.
- Losses can be offset in the following months and even in subsequent years.
Declaration of investments abroad
When declaring investments abroad, it is essential to understand the applicable tax rules and obligations. You should be aware that income from investments abroad is taxable in Brazil, even if it has already been taxed in the country of origin.
It is important to understand the specific rules for declaring investments in other countries. The IRS requires you to declare all investments made abroad, including financial investments, profits and dividends.
Rules for declaring investments in other countries
To declare investments in other countries, you need to follow some specific rules. Firstly, you need to identify whether the income is taxable or exempt in Brazil.
In addition, it is crucial to understand how to offset the tax paid abroad to avoid double taxation, provided there is an agreement between the countries.
- Dividends, interest and capital gains obtained in other countries must be declared and taxed according to Brazilian rules.
- Income received from abroad must be declared on the “Taxable Income Received from Individuals/External Countries” form.
Taxation of income from abroad
The taxation of income from abroad follows the rules of Law No. 14,754/2023, which establishes new taxation rules for income from financial investments abroad from 2025.
It is essential to understand how this income will be taxed in order to avoid problems with the IRS.
| Type of Income | Taxation in Brazil | Tax Compensation |
|---|---|---|
| Dividends | Taxable | Yes, if there is an agreement |
| Interest | Taxable | Yes, if there is an agreement |
| Capital Gains | Taxable | Yes, if there is an agreement |
Common mistakes when declaring investments
When declaring your investments, it is crucial to avoid common mistakes that can cause problems with the IRS. Many taxpayers face difficulties when completing their income tax return due to incorrect or missing information.
It is essential to understand the most common mistakes to ensure that your declaration is accurate and complete. Here are some of the main mistakes to avoid:
Omission of information
One of the most serious mistakes is omitting important information. This can include not declaring all investments or income.
It is essential to declare all investments, even those exempt from tax, to keep your tax situation in order.
- Declare all investments, including those exempt from tax.
- Include all income, even if it is not taxable.
Incorrect declaration of values
Another common mistake is the incorrect declaration of values. This can be due to incorrect calculations or outdated information. Always check the figures before filling in the declaration to avoid this type of error.
- Check the values of all investments and income.
- Update the information to reflect the current situation.
Not declaring exempt investments
Many taxpayers mistakenly believe that tax-exempt investments do not need to be declared.
However, the Internal Revenue Service monitors all investments, regardless of whether they are taxed. Not declaring exempt investments can lead to inconsistencies in the evolution of assets over the years.
Therefore, it is crucial to declare all investments, including LCI, LCA, savings and others, in order to keep your declaration in line with Receita Federal requirements.
Conclusion
The correct declaration of investments is essential to avoid problems with the Internal Revenue Service.
When preparing your Income tax 2025, it is crucial to have all your income reports organized and to be aware of important news and deadlines.
Keep up to date with tax rules and how they affect your business. investments.
Take advantage of the pre-filled declaration, but always check all the information before sending it. Remember that the taxpayer is always responsible for the information declared.
Plan your investments considering not only profitability, but also tax aspects. This can result in significant savings of values in the future. If you have any specific questions, don't hesitate to consult an accountant or tax specialist.
With these tips, you'll be better prepared to make your statement correctly and avoid problems. Transparency with Internal Revenue Service is always the best way.
FAQ
Q: What are the deadlines for filing the 2025 income tax return?
A: You should pay attention to the dates published by the Federal Revenue Service for submitting your tax return, usually between March and May each year.
Q: Which investments need to be declared in the income tax return?
A: You need to declare investments such as shares, investment funds, Treasury Direct, CDBs, RDBs, LCI, LCA, CRI, CRA and savings, if you owned or carried out transactions with these assets during the calendar year.
Q: How do I declare income exempt from income tax?
A: You must report exempt income on your income tax return, even if it is not taxed, as is the case with some investments.
Q: What is the exemption limit for declaring investments?
A: You should check the specific rules for each type of investment, as the exemption limits vary.
Q: How can I offset investment losses in my income tax return?
A: You can offset losses against profits from other investments of the same nature, such as shares or investment funds.
Q: Is it necessary to declare investments abroad?
A: Yes, you need to declare investments made abroad, following the specific rules of the IRS for this type of operation.
Q: What are the consequences of not declaring investments?
A: The omission of information or incorrect declaration of values may result in fines and other penalties imposed by the IRS.
Q: How do I check and correct data in the pre-filled declaration?
A: You should access the Receita Federal system and check that the pre-filled information is correct, making the necessary corrections.
